Implementing CIT: Police Departments

Introduction

Intervention Teams (CIT) within police departments represent a proactive and effective approach to addressing mental health crises. Originating in Memphis, Tennessee, in the late 1980s, the CIT model has since been adopted by numerous law enforcement agencies across the United States and internationally. The core objective of CIT is to improve outcomes for individuals experiencing mental health crises through specialized training for officers, community collaboration, and dedicated response strategies.

Understanding the CIT Model**
The CIT model is a community-based approach that involves a partnership between law enforcement, mental health professionals, and community organizations. The model is designed to:

Improve Police Responses: Equip officers with the skills to effectively manage and de-escalate mental health crises.
Enhance Community Relations: Foster a collaborative approach that involves mental health services and community resources.
Promote Safety: Ensure the safety of individuals in crisis, as well as law enforcement personnel and the community.

Steps for Implementing CIT in a Police Department**

Secure Leadership Support**
Successful implementation begins with strong support from department leadership. Leaders must recognize the value of CIT and commit to allocating resources, time, and personnel to the initiative.

action steps

Present Evidence

Share data and research demonstrating the benefits of CIT.

Develop a Vision

Articulate a clear vision and objectives for the CIT program.

Engage Stakeholders

Build a coalition of internal and external stakeholders, including mental health professionals, community advocates, and government officials.

Develop a Strategic Plan**
A strategic plan outlines the goals, structure, and operational procedures for the CIT program. This plan serves as a roadmap for the implementation process.

action steps

Define Objectives

Establish specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART) goals.

Create a Curriculum

Develop or adapt training materials based on best practices and expert recommendations.

Establish Protocols

Outline procedures for CIT responses, including activation, coordination with mental health services, and documentation.

Train Officers and Personnel**
Training is a cornerstone of the CIT model. Officers need specialized training to handle mental health crises effectively.

action steps

Select Trainers

Choose qualified trainers with expertise in mental health and crisis intervention.

Develop training modules

Include components on mental illness, de-escalation techniques, and community resources.

Schedule Training

Ensure all officers, dispatchers, and involved personnel complete the training.

Launch the Program**
The official launch of the CIT program involves integrating CIT-trained officers into regular shifts and establishing response protocols.

action steps

Roll Out the Program

Implement the CIT model according to the strategic plan.

Communicate with the Community

Inform the public about the new program and its benefits.

Coordinate with Partners

Establish ongoing communication channels with mental health agencies and community organizations.

Evaluate and Refine**
Evaluation is essential for assessing the effectiveness of the CIT program and making necessary adjustments.

action steps

Collect Data

Gather data on CIT call responses, outcomes, and community feedback.

Analyze Results

Review the effectiveness of interventions officer performance, and community impact.

Refine Practices

Adjust training, protocols, and strategies based on evaluation results.

Benefits of CIT Implementation**

Improved Crisis Outcomes**
CIT-trained officers are better equipped to manage mental health crises, leading to improved outcomes for individuals in distress.

Examples:
- Reduced Use of Force: CIT programs often report a decrease in the use of force during mental health crises.
- De-escalation Success: CIT officers are trained in de-escalation techniques, which help defuse potentially volatile situations.

Enhanced Officer Well-being**
CIT training supports officers by providing tools and strategies for managing challenging situations, which can reduce stress and burnout.

Examples:
- Increased Confidence: Officers gain confidence in their ability to handle mental health crises.

Strengthened Community Relationships**
CIT programs foster collaboration between law enforcement and community mental health services, leading to stronger relationships and better support for individuals in crisis.

Examples:
- Community Partnerships: Establishing effective partnerships with mental health professionals and organizations.
- Public Trust: Increase community trust and cooperation due to visible commitment to addressing mental health issues.

Challenges and Considerations**

Funding and Resources**
Implementing a CIT program requires financial resources for training, personnel, and materials.

Solutions:

– Seek Grants: Explore federal, state, and private grants for funding CIT programs.

– Allocate Budget: Ensure budget allocations are sufficient for ongoing training and program support.

b. Training Quality**

Ensuring the quality of training and the selection of effective trainers is crucial for the success of the CIT program.

Solutions:

– Use Experienced Trainers: Select trainers with a proven track record in mental health and crisis intervention.

– Regular Updates: Continuously update training materials and methods based on new research and feedback.

c. Sustaining the Program**

Maintaining the effectiveness and relevance of the CIT program over time requires ongoing effort and adaptation.

Solutions:
- Regular Reviews: Conduct regular program evaluations and updates.
- Ongoing Training: Provide refresher courses and advanced training opportunities for officers.

Best Practices for Successful CIT Programs**

Foster Collaboration**
Build strong relationships with mental health professionals, community organizations, and other stakeholders.

Best Practices:
- Regular Meetings: Hold regular meetings with partners to discuss issues and improvements.
- Shared Resources: Collaborate on resource sharing and joint initiatives.

Promote Transparency**
Ensure transparency in the program’s goals, methods, and outcomes to build trust with the community.

Best Practices:
- Public Reporting: Share annual reports on CIT program performance and community impact.
- Community Engagement: Engage with community members through forums, workshops, and outreach.

Support Officer Development**
Invest in the continuous professional development of officers involved in the CIT program.

Best Practices:
- Advanced Training: Offer opportunities for advanced training and professional growth.
- Peer Support: Provide access to peer support and counseling services for officers.

Conclusion

Implementing a Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) program within a police department involves a series of strategic steps, from securing leadership support to evaluating and refining the program. By focusing on comprehensive training, fostering community collaboration, and addressing challenges proactively, law enforcement agencies can create effective CIT programs that improve crisis response outcomes, support officer well-being, and strengthen community relationships. Embracing these best practices and continually adapting the program based on feedback and results will ensure the long-term success and impact of the CIT initiative.

Additional Resources

For those interested in further exploring the CIT model and best practices, the following resources may be helpful:

This detailed approach to implementing a CIT program should serve as a comprehensive guide for law enforcement agencies looking to develop or enhance their crisis intervention capabilities.

CIT Implementation Guide Download

Crisis Intervention Team Core Elements Download